Postpartum care and monitoring of cows is the focus of feeding management in the lactation cycle of cows.Good care and monitoring of postpartum cows can not only improve milk production during lactation, but also improve reproductive efficiency, reduce the elimination rate, and improve the economic benefits of cattle farms.

Immediately after the calf is born, it is separated from the cow,One is to prevent cross-infection of pathogens between cows and calves, and the other is to control the intake of colostrum by calves.
Cows should be provided with fresh and palatable feed after delivery to promote the recovery of dry matter intake of postpartum cows. Dry matter intake on the first day after delivery is critical and affects dry matter intake and milk production in the first month after delivery. During calving, amniotic fluid is collected and then sprinkled on the surface of the feed or the newborn calves are placed on the cow's feed for 5 minutes, so that the mucus on the calves sticks to the feed surface, which will help the new cow to feed.

After giving birth, the cow should be emptied immediately,One is to promote the release of NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) in the liver into the blood for milk fat synthesis, and the other is to facilitate the collection of high-quality colostrum and reduce the incidence of milk leakage and breast infection.Some ranches may believe that doing so increases the incidence of milk-producing fever. But this is not the key to cause or solve the problem of milk-producing fever. If the incidence of milk fever in cattle is high, preventive management measures should be taken in the early perinatal period.

It is recommended that pastures record the colostrum production of cows on the day of calving to assess the quality of colostrum and subsequent milk production.Milk yield on the first day of lactation can be used as a reference for whether the protein content of the perinatal diet is appropriateIf the protein content in the early perinatal period is more than 15%, the milk yield will increase too fast in the early lactation period, while the dry matter intake and energy intake at this time will not keep up, resulting in negative energy balance and increased NEFA level of dairy cows, which in turn will inhibit the dry matter intake. The yield of colostrum on the first day of lactation can also be used as the basis for judging whether the supply of anionic salt level is appropriate in the early perinatal period: effective regulation of anionic salt in the early perinatal period can reduce the yield of colostrum.

rumen-protected soybean mealIt is a rumen bypass protein product produced by international advanced rumen bypass technology, which is produced by combining high-temperature instantaneous Maillard reaction with low-temperature segmented heat treatment.

Over the years, the company's R & D team has formed the current unique product design through the research of rumen bypass protein products at home and abroad, especially the optimization and upgrading of its process. The unique process design of the product can take into account the rumen bypass rate and small intestinal digestibility of the product. Higher content of rumen by-pass protein can provide more metabolizable protein for dairy cows. Higher intestinal digestibility can ensure the effective use of metabolizable proteins, significantly improve the production performance and health status of dairy cows, and obtain higher economic returns.

After calving, the cow should stay in the production ring until the placenta is removed. For a productive cow,If the placenta does not fall off for more than 6 hours, there is a risk of endometritis.One of the main reasons for the retention of the afterbirth is the poor body condition of the cow caused by the negative energy balance of the cow during the perinatal period, and another reason may be the insufficient dose of vitamin E and selenium provided during the perinatal period.

Body condition score should be carried out after calving to evaluate whether the nutrient concentration of dairy cows in dry milk period is reasonable, and to provide reference for nutrition management in early lactation. The body condition of the calving cattle should be 3.25-3.75 points, and the body condition of the first calving cattle should be 3-3.5 points. The most ideal body condition at calving is 3.5 on average. In poor cattle, when the energy balance is negative, the body storage energy is not enough to maintain high yield. Cattle in better condition, on the other hand, can use body storage to produce milk. Over-fattening cattle have less post-partum feed intake, and milk production may rise faster than cattle with poor body condition, but they are more prone to metabolic and reproductive problems.Cows with a body condition score greater than 4 have a longer period of calving and often need midwifery, which is easy to cause stillbirth or weak fetus. 

After calving, cows should be placed in the new herd to observe dry matter intake and disease.With the increase of milk production in early lactation, the amount of glucose required also increases.However, at this time, the dry matter intake of dairy cows has not reached the maximum, and the rumen function has not fully adapted to the high-concentrate diet during lactation, resulting in insufficient VFA (volatile fatty acid) and propionic acid required for glucose synthesis in the liver.

　Therefore, the dietary protein concentration in the early lactation should be controlled at about 15% to prevent the milk yield of dairy cows from rising too fast in the early lactation.Reduce the increase in glucose requirements due to increased milk production, and reduce the loss of body condition after delivery. Healthy newly-produced cattle can be transferred to a high-yield herd after 30 days in the new production circle. Increasing the effective fiber concentration in the diet of newly produced cattle can promote the rumination of dairy cows and reduce the probability of postpartum rumen acidosis.

The normal body temperature of a cow is between 38.7-39.5 ℃.The first sign of disease in a cow is usually an increase in body temperature, followed by visible symptoms such as decreased milk production and reduced feed intake.Measuring body temperature 10 days after delivery helps managers to detect the cow's condition early. Usually metritis, pyometra, mastitis and hoof disease will cause the cow body temperature rise. In addition, new cattle should also observe the mental state, rumen filling degree, feces, uterine discharge and so on every day.

Cows go through a process of negative energy balance after giving birth.When the body condition of most cows decreases by more than 1 point within 1 month after delivery, attention should be paid to the diet composition of the newly produced herd and the detection of ketosis.Subclinical ketosis in a herd caused greater economic losses than clinical ketosis. More than 90% of ketosis occurs within two months after delivery, and 1-2 weeks after delivery is a high incidence period of ketosis. The ketone body content in milk can be used as a reliable and specific indicator for the detection of ketosis. Rapid loss of body condition and a fat-to-egg ratio greater than 1.5 within 30 days after delivery can also be used as an indicator of the onset of ketosis.

Milk production was measured once a week for four weeks after calving to monitor the increase in milk production and to compare milk production of new cows at the same stage.

Detection of subclinical mastitis and pathogenic bacteria causing mastitis in postpartum cows can infer whether breast management during dry milk period is in place.Evaluate the effect of dry milk medicine. The most convenient and practical method for detecting subclinical mastitis is CMT (California Mastitis Test). California mastitis detection of problematic milk areas can be followed by bacterial culture to determine the type of bacteria causing the onset of mastitis and to find out which antibiotics the bacteria is sensitive.