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Shandong Qingfeng | Main causes and preventive measures of cow hoof disease
Release time:
2021-09-15
Hoof is an important organ for dairy cows with the function of supporting weight, hoof health is an important prerequisite for high yield of dairy cows; rumen acidosis caused by nutritional factors is an important cause of cow hoof disease in recent years.
Hoof is an important organ for dairy cows with the function of supporting weight, hoof health is an important prerequisite for high yield of dairy cows; rumen acidosis caused by nutritional factors is an important cause of cow hoof disease in recent years.
Due to the high yield of dairy cows forced to improve the nutritional concentration of dairy cows diet caused by the unreasonable structure of the diet; because of the habitual thinking, affecting the accurate judgment of rumen acidosis and or hoof leaf inflammation, especially rumen acidosis in the subclinical state is often not paid attention to, and cause the wrong judgment of hoof disease prevention. This is because it is often mistakenly believed that the cause of hoof disease is caused by low quality of coarse materials, poor environmental management, etc. This in turn affects the full production potential of cattle. The author will elaborate on chronic ruminal acidosis and recessive laminitis based on the experience of pasture management, and at the same time propose some measures to improve pasture management and herd health.
Ruminal acidosis is caused by feeding too much concentrate or too many fermentable carbohydrates and lack of enough effective fiber (short fiber feed too much). According to the incidence of acute and chronic two kinds, acute acidosis can be easily found, chronic ruminal acidosis is often not well treated, this is because the typical symptoms of chronic ruminal acidosis is difficult to observe.
However, careful observation and analysis of cattle in production can find traces; its main characteristics are as follows:
Decreased rumination, mild diarrhea, or hindlimb kicking
Slight casting, empty chewing, grinding teeth
Appetite variability, decreased appetite or cyclical changes, with significant fluctuations in remaining sloppy
Decreased milk production efficiency
Milk fat rate decreased, milk fat rate and protein ratio upside down
Faster weight loss, poor fat condition despite adequate dietary energy
Group elimination rate increased
Rumen pH less than 5.5 (normal range is 5.9-6.5)
Abnormal faecal pH
Due to the further development of chronic acidosis caused by hoof disease, rumen keratosis, and liver and gastrointestinal diseases, hoof disease to chronic loof foot inflammation more common. It is due to a large increase in rumen acid content (especially lactic acid), resulting in a decrease in rumen pH. This physiological change disturbs rumen function and microbial environment and has a systemic impact on dairy cows. Acid and histamine act on capillaries of hoof tissue and stimulate local nerves to promote diffuse inflammation in hoof dermis and stratum corneum, causing hoof pain, dyskinesia or hoof deformation during a long course of disease.
Some symptoms of chronic laminitis are as follows:
hoof deformation
Bleeding at the bottom of the hoof, discoloration at the bottom of the hoof
Rotten bottom and heel of hoof
Depression or bulge of the dorsal wall
Laying and ball joint sinking
Arch back, rigidity, weight loss (excluding digestive tract diseases), etc.
The hoof disease not only affects the normal activities of cows, but also reduces the feed intake of cows, affects the lactation and fecundity of cows, increases the elimination rate of cows, and brings great economic losses to the cattle farm. In order to reduce the loss, it is recommended to pay attention to the following management to reduce the occurrence of chronic acidosis and chronic hoof leaf inflammation:
1, Nutrition Management
Try to reduce the amount of concentrate and short fiber feed, balance the diet nutrition, control the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in the diet, pay attention to the proportion of ADF, NDF and effective fiber in the diet, do not mix the whole mixed diet, and try to use 2-3 kinds of buffer salts in the diet to do a good job in feeding management during the dry milk period and perinatal period. At this stage, the feed amount of concentrate accounts for about 0.75 of body weight, no more than 6kg.
2. Environmental Management
Keep the cowshed clean Provide a clean and dry playground for dry milk and perinatal cows to prevent the reduction of blood flow, edema and swelling in the hoof due to insufficient exercise. Do a good job in bed management to improve the comfort of cows. Pay attention to the time for milking cows and waiting for milking halls, as short as possible. There should be enough space for drinking places and passages to reduce the mechanical impact of cows. Carve the road or lay rubber mats on the concrete floor to prevent the ground from slipping.
Uncomfortable bed
Comfortable bed
3. Prevent the occurrence of induced diseases and infectious diseases
Postpartum diseases such as postpartum placenta, endometritis, mastitis, ketosis and other easily induced hoof leaf inflammation. Foot-and-mouth disease, necrobacillosis, bovine viral diarrhea, other parasitic diseases, edema of the lower limbs of cattle can also affect the health of the limbs and hooves, which need attention.
4, hoof health care
Regular hoof baths; implementationhoof bathThe system ensures that cows undergo effective hoof baths Hoof baths can be used to treat, control and prevent hoof rot, interdigital and dermatitis.Organic hooves
Author: Ding Yinglong
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