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Effect of Minerals on Fecundity of Dairy Cows in Qingfeng of Shandong Province
Release time:
2021-05-17
Phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt, iodine, manganese, selenium, sodium and other mineral trace elements interact with each other, which plays a very important role in improving the health index, reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows.
Phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt, iodine, manganese, selenium, sodium and other mineral trace elements interact with each other, which plays a very important role in improving the health index, reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows.
Calcium deficiency in the diet of dairy cows can lead to osteomalacia and osteoporosis, and decrease in fecundity. Calcium deficiency in pregnant dairy cows often leads to fetal development obstruction or even stillbirth, and causes postpartum paralysis.
Lack or excess of calcium and phosphorus in the diet can lead to milk fever during parturition, which has a strong negative effect on milk production and cow reproduction. Compared with healthy cows, the incidence of dystocia, placenta retention, four stomach displacement, ketosis and mastitis increased by 2.8 times, 6.5 times, 3.4 times, 8.9 times and 8.1 times respectively, and the probability of suffering from metritis increased by 1.6 times. Dietary phosphorus deficiency is one of the causes of infertility or abortion in mothers. It is reported that phosphorus deficiency in dairy cows often leads to ovarian atrophy, no estrus, repeated infertility, low fertilization rate, prone to abortion or weak calves, fetal growth, short lactation and other symptoms.
The improper proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the diet also affects the reproductive function of the mother animal. Calcium-phosphorus ratio recommend maintained at 1.5: 1, and calcium intake more than 0.95~1.0% of dry matter intake, may reduce dry matter intake and production performance.
1: solve the problem of breeding of female animals
2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production.
3: Extend the life of female animals;
4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows.
5: Cow pica disappears.
6: to promote food digestion, improve feed utilization, saving concentrate.
When the cow is deficient in copper, the reproductive performance will be disordered, the ovarian function is low, the estrus is slow, the placenta is premature, the delivery is difficult, and the afterbirth is not retained. Copper deficiency in pregnant cows is extremely detrimental to fetal development and copper storage. Calves born during pregnancy are weak, may suffer from ataxia, and may die due to the inability of cows to breastfeed. The recommended amount of copper is 15.7 mg/kg dietary dry matter.
Zinc affects the reproductive function of dairy cows by affecting gonadal activity and sex hormone secretion. Zinc deficiency alters prostaglandin synthesis, which affects the function of the corpus luteum. When the cow zinc deficiency, ovarian cysts, abnormal estrus, can cause sexual cycle disorders, pregnancy rate decreased, prone to premature birth, abortion, stillbirth and fetal malformation. The recommended amount of zinc for a high-producing dairy cow of 650kg body weight (40kg milk yield) is 63 mg/kg of dietary dry matter.
When Se and VE are lacking, cows are in irregular estrus or not at all, metritis and ovarian cysts are increased, the conception rate is low, and the conception cannot develop normally, resulting in miscarriage or stillbirth, and the surviving calves are not healthy.
Practice has proved that when there is a long-term lack of green fodder in winter and spring, injecting sodium selenite into cows and newborn calves in late pregnancy has a good effect on improving the reproduction rate of cows and the survival rate of calves. If selenium and VE are added to the feed, good results can also be received (0.022g anhydrous sodium selenite is added to 100kg of feed, and 20 ~ 25IU of VE is added per kg of feed). The recommended amount of NRC(2001) selenium is 0.3 mg/kg dietary dry matter.
Fewers with cobalt deficiency anemia are unable to estrus, with delayed initial estrus, loss of ovarian function, easy abortion and weak birth (Wang Yu, 1994). The Hurley(1989) test proved that the supplementary feeding of cobalt salt to cattle and sheep can promote their oestrus, increase the conception rate, and thus improve their reproductive performance. NRC(1998) pointed out that adult cows need about 0.11 mg/kg of dietary dry matter of cobalt per day, while forage dry matter can only provide 0.02-0.08 mg/kg.
Manganese deficiency in young cows showed abnormal estrus cycle and reduced conception rate; adult cows showed low fecundity and were prone to abortion. Manganese is also involved in the metabolism of corpus luteum, and the incidence of abortion and ovarian cysts in dairy cows fed low manganese diets is increased. Even if the cow with manganese deficiency can normal estrus, ovulation and fertilization, the fertilized egg is difficult to attach in the uterus, and it is often fertilized without pregnancy, early unexplained recessive abortion or congenital malformation of the calf, slow growth, dry hair, fading, leg deformity and landing on the ground above the ball joint, etc.
Iodine deficiency in female animals will lead to dysfunction between thyroid gland and pituitary gland, resulting in ovulation mechanism disorders, causing oestrus and non-ovulation, sexual cycle disorders, embryo development is blocked, and the conception rate is significantly reduced. After conception, the fetus is stunted, prone to miscarriage, stillbirth and stagnation of the cow's afterbirth. For example, after supplementing iodine to female animals all the year round, cattle estrus and ovulation are normal, the breeding period is shortened, the conception rate can be increased by more than 20%, the calves produced are robust and the survival rate is high.
The main symptoms of magnesium deficiency cows are non-estrus and irregular estrus, sometimes prolonged non-estrus, follicular dysplasia, delayed ovulation, estrus is not obvious, and the conception rate is only 30% ~ 45%.
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