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Calves are weaned in a herd, and there is a lot of knowledge!
Release time:
2020-12-16
Calves early digestive system, immune organ development is not complete, all aspects of the body function is not perfect, it is easy to weaning process because of the living environment, feeding mode, diet composition changes and produce more serious stress response. This paper summarizes the measures to prevent the weaning stress of calves in spring from the aspects of time point, nutrition management and environmental health:
Weaning and transfer management of calves
Calves early digestive system, immune organ development is not complete, all aspects of the body function is not perfect, it is easy to weaning process because of the living environment, feeding mode, diet composition changes and produce more serious stress response. This paper summarizes the measures to prevent the weaning stress of calves in spring from the aspects of time point, nutrition management and environmental health:
Weaning is only suitable when solid feed intake is sufficient. When the dry matter intake was taken as the weaning standard, the daily dry matter intake of calves should reach 0.75~1.0kg, which was suitable for weaning. The development of the rumen and the ability to digest dry matter of calves are not only related to the age of the day, but when the calves begin to eat solid feed, especially forage, the rumen really begins to develop.
The implementation of gradual weaning, one-time weaning will cause greater stress response to calves.
Staggered weaning and the double stress of group transfer. Calves were given 1-2 weeks to adapt to weaning stress before transferring to the group, and then transferred to the weaning transition zone. It is better to transfer calves in groups rather than individually.
Try to avoid weaning or turning calves in extreme weather or when the weather changes greatly. The weather is one of the sources of stress in calves. In the cold, the feeding amount of milk should be increased while maintaining the same feed, and a comfortable bed with dry bedding should be provided, and heatstroke prevention and cooling should be done in summer.
The feeding amount of solid feed was increased before weaning to avoid the lag of nutrition after weaning and maintain the growth rate of calves.Rocky Lick Brick
After weaning, the diet of calves can be composed of concentrate and roughage, and the appropriate amount of concentrate and hay can promote the rapid development of rumen. The increase of the proportion of concentrate is helpful to the growth of rumen papilla, while the increase of the proportion of hay is helpful to improve the volume and tissue development of gastrointestinal tract.
Ensure adequate protein and energy supply in the diet. Soybean meal is widely used in feed production because of its characteristics of high protein, high energy and low fiber. The energy concentration of the diet can have a direct impact on the morbidity and mortality of weaning stressed calves. The energy source of calves is mainly carbohydrates and fats in the feed. Ensure an adequate supply of clean drinking water. With the increase of dry matter intake, the water demand of calves will also increase. Ensuring sufficient and clean drinking water is helpful to maintain the rumen environment, promote the development and function of rumen, promote the feeding of calves and reduce stress.
The additives in the starter can stabilize the rumen development. These additives including sodium bicarbonate (to stabilize rumen pH and reduce lactic acid production), ionophores (to reduce butyric acid content and change the proportion of volatile fatty acids), and yeast cultures (to reduce lactic acid content in the rumen) have been shown to affect rumen fermentation and increase the intake of open feed in calves.
When the calves are transferred to the weaning barn, provide good ventilation. Stress and poor ventilation are the main reasons for the high incidence of diseases in early weaning calves, and the limited air circulation leads to a large number of pathogenic bacteria, which increases the risk of disease in calves.
Add anticoccidia to the starting or growing feed after weaning. When the calves are transferred from the calf island to the weaning barn, the types and quantities of pathogenic microorganisms will increase. The addition of anticoccidia provides protection against a variety of pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium, to reduce the risk of disease in calves.
Summary
For calves, weaning does not mean that they must be subjected to excessive stress as long as they are managed properly. Cattle management should minimize the types of stress factors in each period, and try to stagger feed changes, cattle house changes and other management changes and weaning time to avoid double stress.
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