In dairy or beef cattle breeding, the management of calves is particularly critical. In order to improve the efficiency of calf breeding, the basic nursing of calves, the management of calves, the management of weaning period of calves, and the preparation of preventing diarrhea disease, etc., to strengthen the management of calves, improve the final breeding efficiency, and express unique views and insights for reference and reference.

With the rapid development of dairy farming, people pay more and more attention to the cultivation of calves, calves as the main force of the dairy farm, determines the future profit potential of the dairy farm, calf feeding management is related to the future production performance of the herd, but most of the cattle farmers breeding time is short, do not understand the calf feeding management technology, the result of poor quality, calf disease, affecting their economic income. Therefore, raising good calves is essential.

Basic care of calves

(12) For newly born calves, wipe the mucus in the nose, mouth and surrounding area with a soft cloth. If a calf is born upside down and is found to have difficulty breathing, it should be lifted upside down immediately. Combined with the chest, back and other places of the beat, the calf trachea, nasal cavity of the fetal water discharge, to ensure that the calf breathing smoothly, improve the survival rate. If there are calves that are very difficult to breathe, immediately carry out the necessary artificial respiration.

(2) Pay attention to the disinfection of umbilical cord. For newly born calves, prepare for umbilical cord breakage. At a distance of about the abdomen10cm, take sterilized scissors and cut the umbilical cord. The fracture shall be strictly disinfected. It is recommended to use10%Disinfection of the iodine-soaked fracture. After thorough disinfection, the calf body wipe clean. Finally, numbered, weighed, and newborn calves should be fed separately to improve feeding conditions.

(31) timely feeding colostrum, calves just born is to rely on the placenta to obtain immunoglobulin, so need to use the method of feeding colostrum to obtain antibodies, in order to establish the immune system of calves. Born in calves2hWithin, the calf feeding should be controlled3～4kgWithin, the temperature is set38 ℃ ± 1 ℃.

(4) Milk temperature and disinfection: the feeding temperature demand of calves: the inlet milk temperature is maintained37℃～38 ℃between, the feeding temperature in winter is maintained38 ℃～39℃between. In the process of feeding, put the milk into hot water for high temperature disinfection, and cool the milk37℃～38 ℃When feeding calves.

calf feeding management

(1）Improving sanitary conditions

In the newborn calves, the body system needs to be improved, their ability to resist is poor, it is difficult to form a more complete defense system. Therefore, we should pay attention to strengthen the nursing of calves, improve the growth environment of calves, and do a good job in the sanitation and disinfection of the breeding cowshed. At the same time, improve ventilation, ensure fresh air, create a good breeding environment, and curb the spread of pathogenic bacteria.

(2）Ensuring nutritional supplies

Domestic and foreign studies have confirmed that the nutritional value of milk replacer powder is similar to that of regular milk. With the rapid growth of newborn calves, the demand for nutrition is greatly increased. Thus, in the case of normal lactation, the appropriate amount of milk replacer to meet its nutrient absorption, to ensure that the calves get the necessary nutrition for growth. Moreover, trying to feed with milk substitute powder can greatly reduce the cost of feeding and improve the efficiency of breeding.

(3）Pay attention to changes in calves

The feeding and management of calves, the daily living habits of calves, etc., make a detailed understanding and observation, and make statistical records. Once any abnormal situation is found, it should be handled in time. In case of improper feeding, resulting in the occurrence of epidemic disease, medical treatment should be carried out in time to find out feasible solutions. In order to improve the survival rate of calves, we should pay attention to the following aspects: first1, calf's eyes, fur, etc., healthy calves, eyes shiny, fur bright; No.2Calf appetite, calves should have a good appetite, pay attention to their defecation and defecation. Healthy calves, feces shiny, yellow-brown color. Defecation is gray or yellowish, mostly soft fecal-like; No.3, pay attention to the presence of parasites, calf feeding management process, should pay attention to the presence of parasites in feeding;4Observe the breathing status of calves to ensure that calves breathe normally and in an orderly manner. Once there are symptoms such as cough and asthma, we should pay attention to whether we are infected with pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, and give the best treatment plan in time.

Management of Weaning Period of Calves

Weaning for calves must go through, with the increase of calves month age, sucking milk amount gradually less, feeding the amount of concentrate gradually more. Normally, calves3～4At the age of the month, in addition to normal lactation, the feed of concentrate should be gradually increased, and the feeding amount should be gradually increased2kgLeft and right. At the same time, pay attention to feeding hay, alfalfa, etc., and choose high-quality hay for calves to feed freely. When the calves arrive4At the age of the month, it is recommended to reduce the feeding amount of green juicy feed. Calves grow4After months of age, the gradual transition to feeding concentrate. Calves in the weaning period should improve the feeding management conditions, count the weight and body length of calves every month, make data records and make statistics. Once it is found that the calves are not growing well, too fast or too slow, they should immediately find out the reason, improve the breeding environment, and ensure good growth.

Be prepared to prevent diarrhea

During the calf period, diarrhea disease has to be prevented. Once infected with diarrhea, the body's intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and other large losses, followed by potassium ions, sodium ions and other serious losses, at this time will lead to great changes in the body's nutritional status. In order to effectively control the diarrhea of calves, it is necessary to find out the cause of diarrhea and analyze the symptoms. While eliminating the cause, we must consider the actual situation of calves to design a reasonable treatment plan, so as not to leave sequelae to the later growth. It is best to take strong heart rehydration to prevent dehydration, so as to achieve the goal of maintaining heart function, relieving acidosis and strengthening the body. In clinical, multi-use0.9%of sodium chloride and5%Glucose, potassium chloride, vitaminsCand sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of related conditions.

In dairy or beef cattle breeding, the management of calves is particularly critical. Strengthen the calf care, timely removal of nasal cavity, oral cavity and body mucus after birth, wipe the cow clean. At the same time, do a good job of broken umbilicus, strict disinfection, to avoid tetanus. In addition, pay attention to timely feeding colostrum, strict control of feeding temperature. In the management of calves, attention should be paid to improving sanitary conditions, strengthening ventilation management, ensuring fresh air, ensuring nutrient supply, moderately controlling feeding costs, and effectively improving breeding benefits. Weaning is a necessary stage for calves. With the increase of calves age, the amount of sucking milk is less and the amount of feeding concentrate is more and more. Attention should be paid to improving the feeding management of calves. Pay attention to monthly statistics of calf weight, body length, etc., and make data records. Once it is found that the calves are not growing well, too fast or too slow, they should immediately find out the reason, improve the breeding environment, and ensure good growth.