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Prevention and Control of Calf Diarrhea
Release time:
2018-11-20
Pasture experiments have shown that probiotics have a significant effect on solving diarrhea in calves, probiotics quickly occupy the space, regulate intestinal health, improve immunity, reduce diarrhea rate, and reduce the use of antibiotics.
Key points for calf health and growth performance:
The first is the management of newborn cattle and delivery room. There is the possibility of cross infection in the delivery room. Newly produced cattle are directly related to colostrum, so adult cattle should also be paid attention.
The second is colostrum, including colostrum quality, colostrum feeding, colostrum passive transport evaluation and other aspects.
The third is nutrition, provide reasonable nutrition, reasonable feeding calves.
The fourth is calf house management, through the control of the environment, health, feed, drinking water to reduce infection pressure.
The fifth is the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
ProbioticsPrevention of Calf Diarrhea
Treatment of raw calves. After the newborn calves are delivered, the delivery personnel immediately clean the mucus in their oral cavity, 5cm away from the umbilical hole, cut off the umbilical cord with sterilized surgical scissors or sterilized fingers, and then disinfect the broken end of the umbilical cord with 10% iodine tincture. It is best to remove the calf immediately after birth, or wait until the cow licks the calf dry, hang a heating lamp above the calf, weigh the calf, and set the ear number. Before calves eat colostrum, probiotics can be fed. If calves have already started to eat breast milk, do not disturb them. After eating breast milk, probiotics will quickly occupy the space, regulate intestinal health, prevent calf diarrhea and improve immunity. The delivery room requires a reasonable design and items are readily available.
Colostrum feeding. Now, various pastures are paying attention to the problem of colostrum feeding. We also gradually realize the importance of colostrum irrigation. Feeding should follow the "1-2-4" principle, that is, calves are fed colostrum within 1 hour of birth, and new cows are squeezed out colostrum within 2 hours, with a feeding amount of 4 liters. Because colostrum is fed within 1 hour of birth of calves, the absorption and passage of intestinal immunoglobulin in calves is the best. With the passage of time, the intestinal tract will gradually close and the absorption rate will decrease linearly. Therefore, feeding colostrum to calves within 1 hour can ensure the success of passive transport of colostrum to the maximum extent. Newly produced cattle must squeeze colostrum as soon as possible to ensure the quality of colostrum. With the passage of time, the quality of colostrum will decline. If you squeeze again 12 hours after delivery, the immunoglobulin in it is almost the same as that of regular milk. Big difference. If the quality of colostrum, in fact, 2 liters is enough, but many pastures can not guarantee the quality of colostrum, so feed 4 liters to ensure the success of passive transport.
Management of colostrum. Colostrum refers to the milk secreted by a cow within 6 hours after delivery (or defined as the milk squeezed out for the first time within 6 hours after delivery). Colostrum is yellowish, viscous, low in lactose, high in vitamin content and high in immunoglobulin content. Freezing can be stored for 1 year.
Quality detection of colostrum. High-quality colostrum is highly viscous and slightly yellow. Blood milk, mastitis milk, thin milk and smelly colostrum should not be used. The specific gravity of colostrum is used to indirectly evaluate the immunoglobulin (IgG) content in colostrum. The determination temperature is 21~27 ℃, and the IgG content is 52~140 mg/ml. The quality is the best, 30~51 mg/ml is qualified, and below 30 mg/ml is unqualified.
Colostrum preservation. After the colostrum is qualified, it is bottled after refrigeration (8 ℃). Cover, indicate the collection time, date and immunoglobulin content,-20 ℃ cryopreservation.
In addition to the evaluation of colostrum quality and immunoglobulin, there is also a problem of bacterial contamination. The number of colostrum bacteria exceeds 100000/ml, which has a great relationship with the failure of passive immunization. Colostrum may contain mycobacterium paratuberculosis, salmonella dublin, cryptosporidium and other pathogens. If conditional detection is available, the total bacterial count should be less than 100000/ml. Among them, Escherichia coli was less than 10000/ml, other G-bacteria were less than 50000/ml, Streptococcus agalactiae was 0, other streptococci were less than 50000/ml, coagulase positive staphylococci were 0, coagulase negative staphylococci were less than 50000/ml, and other staphylococci were 0.
Source analysis of colostrum bacterial contamination. High E. coli is a problem in the milking process of colostrum. Other G-bacteria, environmental staphylococcus and streptococcus may be a problem in milking equipment, milk barrel and bottle nipple. High after collection is a freezing problem (E. coli doubles in 30 minutes). Environmental pathogenic bacteria increase colostrum bacterial contamination.
Passive transport evaluation of colostrum. Calf colostrum passive transport is highly associated with morbidity and mortality. If the passive transport is successful, it is almost guaranteed that diarrhea within 7 days is not related to E. coli. The evaluation method suitable for cattle farms is the monitoring of total serum protein, which can be used within 2-7 days after colostrum feeding, with 2-3 days as the best, and the result will be more accurate. The total serum protein is more than 5.5g/day · L, indicating that the passive transport of colostrum is successful. Passive transport evaluation is done twice a month in cattle farms with more than 1,000 heads and once a month in cattle farms with less than 1,000 heads. Select 12 calves 2-7 days after colostrum feeding, detect total protein, and then look at the proportion. 20% of calves colostrum failure to transport is the problem cattle farm (more than 2 calves are unqualified).
Causes of failure of passive transport of colostrum. Breeders did not find cows calving in time (especially at night), so they could not squeeze colostrum in time, feed colostrum, and avoid cross-infection in time. With calves in the delivery room for more than 90 minutes, the best time to feed colostrum is missed, increasing the likelihood of cross-infection. Colostrum was fed for more than 4 hours, and colostrum was squeezed only after 6 hours for newly produced cattle. The quality was not up to standard. The feeding amount of colostrum is less than 4 liters (Juan Shan 3 liters), colostrum is fed after squeezing or for more than 2 hours before cold storage, cold storage for more than 7 days, freezing for more than 1 year or repeated freezing and thawing, colostrum bacteria number exceeds 100000, and colostrum is mixed (internal friction). Adult cattle are unhealthy and perinatal cattle have problems.
Management of calves. First of all, ensure that the livestock house is clean, dry and comfortable. The second is to ensure adequate feed and drinking water, clean. The appliance scrubbing, milk bucket and bucket need to brush 1~2 times a day. In fact, the focus of the staff's work is to brush with detergent in the morning and rinse directly with clean water in the afternoon. If this work is done well, the treatment work will be greatly reduced.
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