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Cause analysis and prevention of hoof disease
Release time:
2018-10-08
Hoof disease should be based on prevention, pastures should develop an effective management system, with effective preventive measures, regular hoof care and hoof disease detection and prevention, timely treatment after the onset of disease, to prevent recurrence, as far as possible to reduce the impact on pasture production.
hoof diseaseQuestionIt has always been one of the three major problems plaguing large-scale dairy farms. Its harm is no less than cow mastitis and infertility. According to American statistics, dairy farms lose 960-1900 yuan per cow per year on average. If control measures are not taken as soon as possible, about 5%-35% of dairy cows will suffer from hoof disease every day. As the onset process of hoof disease is relatively slow, and with the continuous expansion of pasture scale, the stock is increasing, it is often the most difficult problem for managers to solve, because discovery and inspection are one of the most difficult projects for large-scale farms. When it was discovered, it had already had an impact on milk production and even led to the elimination of dairy cows. The elimination rate of dairy cows caused by hoof disease in the United States was as high as 9%.
1. reason analysis
There are many reasons for hoof disease, mainly in the following situations:
1. The environmental sanitation is in poor condition, such as the excrement and urine are not cleaned in time, or the sports ground is muddy, which makes the cow hoof soak for a long time, resulting in the infection of spoilage bacteria (anaerobic). Now let's rate the hygiene of our cattle farms.
2. Cattle beds and sports fields are uneven or have hard foreign bodies such as cinder, stones, bricks and tiles, causing mechanical damage to the hoof and secondary infection.
3. The design of the berth in the cowshed: including the height of the cow neck clip, the distance between the chest baffle and the outer road, the height design of the side crossbar, etc.; and whether the bedding in the berth is sufficient, and the best choice for bedding is sand; The main purpose of these is to increase the lying time of cows, thereby reducing the walking time, reducing the load time of the cow's hoof, and achieving better care effect of the cow's hoof;
4. Improper feeding and management, such as imbalance of dietary coordination (improper ratio of calcium and phosphorus or insufficient supply, lack of protein or vitamin), causing maldevelopment of hoof cutin;
5. Long-term mismanagement of the rumen, the ratio of fine to coarse is inappropriate, leading to chronic acidosis, softening of the bottom of the hoof, accelerating the infection of bacillus putrefaciens, and forming hoof disease.
2. clinical symptoms
We can observe the changes before and after hoof disease in cows from the following set of pictures.
1. Under normal circumstances: the back is flat when standing and walking, walking is steady and strides forward greatly!Back posture when standing: flat Back posture when walking: flat
2. Mild illness: usually cows stand for a short time, the limbs and hooves suffering from hoof disease are often lifted when standing, the pace is slightly abnormal when walking, and the milk production begins to decrease, about 2%;Back: Arched when standing Back Posture: Flat Walking
3. Moderate illness: the back is arched when standing or walking, the injured hoof feels limp when walking, and the milk production is reduced by about 4%,
4. Serious illness: the back is arched when standing and walking, the injured hoof is bent when walking, and can only limp. At the same time, the body temperature gradually rises to 40~41 ℃, appetite loss, and frequent lying down. The milk production in this matter is reduced by about 9%.
3. prevention approach
1.Comprehensive nutrition is guaranteed, especially the content of calcium and phosphorus should be sufficient and the proportion should be appropriate.
2.Ensure the rest time of the cow, the ideal degree of rest in bed.
3. Ensure the proportion of NDF from coarse sources in the diet (even the peak milk production period should not be less than 19%).
4. Adhere to regular limb hoof care and repair hoof, remove the vegetative cuticle, so that it can protect the limb hoof to bear weight.
5. Keep the hoof health, regular hoof bath disinfection, significantly reduce the chance of infection. Medicine bath for many large and medium-sized cattle farms, everyone is in. But the operation is very important, the effect of hoof bath is focused on the concentration of disinfectant! And how to master the number of head disinfection and hoof protection liquid ratio.
6. Ensure that the cowshed and sports ground are flat and dry without foreign matter to prevent hoof damage.
7. Early diagnosis. Early diagnosis plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of hoof disease.
Treatment of 4. after illness
Sinoe HoofMethods of treatment:
1) Prevention:Dilute 5% stock solution, use weekly2Times
2. Treatment: Treat the affected part of the hoof with trauma, directly apply the hoof stock solution, and then continuously7-10Day hoof bath, concentration5%-8%(5l stock solution plus95liters of water, with a concentration5%）
3. When the slope of the group decreases and the affected part shrinks and scabs, it is changed to prevention, once a week, concentration2%(2l stock solution plus98Lift)
4. The liquid level depth of hoof bath is5To7Cm, keep the hoof bath clean, add diluted hoof bath at any time, keep the depth of the liquid level.
Advantages of Sinoe Hoof Protection:
1、SecurityEnvironmental protectionGood stability, heavy metal residuesIn line with national standards; No irritation, no formalin and antibiotics. Effectively reduce the harm caused by formalin to the human body and environmental pollution; high-efficiency and strong multi-biodegradation; waste liquid can be directly discharged to effectively improve the acceptance rate of environmental protection.
2. The hoof protection liquid can be attached to the diseased place of cow hoof for a long time, which is stronger than ordinary copper sulfate and can remove germs more effectively.
3, containing zinc sulfate, promote cutin hardening, make the hoof more solid.
4, effectively reduce the cost of prevention and treatment; daily care only needs 2% stock solution dilution; 1-2 times a week.
In short, hoof disease should bePrevention firstThe pasture should formulate an effective management system, cooperate with effective preventive measures, regularly carry out hoof care and hoof disease detection and prevention, timely treatment after the onset of disease, to prevent recurrence, as far as possible to reduce the impact on pasture production.
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