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Shandong Qingfeng | Heat Stress Threatens More Than Lactating Cows
Release time:
2021-06-23
Rocky Lick Brick 1: Solve the problem of maternal reproduction (for example, long interbirth time, repeated mating infertility, frequent abortion) 2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production. 3: Extend the life of the mother; (an 8,000-litre cow loses 60kg of minerals in its milk) 4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows (e. g. mastitis, hoof disease). 5: Cow pica disappears (gnawing wood, licking hair, licking urine, gnawing plastic) and the fur is smooth. 6: to promote food digestion, improve feed utilization, saving concentrate.
For a long time, heat stress has been a difficult problem for cattle farms. For lactating cows suffering from heat stress, the dry matter intake and lactation milk volume will be significantly reduced. At the same time, the body metabolism will change, which will fundamentally reduce the efficiency of milk secretion. Fortunately, at present, the scale level of pastures in our country is constantly improving, and the cooling measures such as ventilation and spraying are becoming more and more perfect. In the face of heat stress, good management can alleviate the loss caused by heat stress to a certain extent. But most pastures focus only on the lactating cows, while ignoring the cooling of a more important herd-dry cows!
At present, a large number of studies have pointed out that dry cows are also affected by heat stress, and its effects may last longer. Geoffrey Dahl, a researcher at the University of Florida, said not all of the negative effects of heat stress occur in lactating cows. He pointed out that under the threat of high temperature without cooling measures, the development of mammary gland cells is hindered, which will lead to the reduction of lactation and the increase of disease incidence in the subsequent lactation process. Compared with those in the dry milk period in the colder months, their reproductive ability has been more challenged.
As can be seen from Figure 1, when dry cows are subjected to heat stress, the average daily milk production of the next litter will drop by 5-10kg/day. However, many studies have found that cooling dry cows can increase the milk yield of the next litter to varying degrees (Figure 2), which shows that the effect of cooling dry cows is quite obvious.
On the other hand, some new research results show that continuous cooling throughout the dry milk period can obtain the best effect. In Figure 3, CL represents the cattle that have cooled throughout the dry milk period; HTCL represents no cooling in the first half of the dry milk and no cooling in the second half; CLHT represents no cooling in the first half and no cooling in the second half; HT represents no cooling in the first half. It can be seen that in the case of cooling throughout the dry milk period, the next lactation period can have a better yield. Cooling in the front or rear section alone can only help the milk volume to rise within 3 weeks after delivery. In the first 3 weeks after delivery, the milk volume for cooling in the whole stage is 32.9kg/d. The whole stage does not cool down to 26.6kg/d; The front section cooled to 29.7kg/d; The rear section cooled to 30.7kg/d. But throughout the lactation period, only the whole cooling can have a sustained effect (Figure 3).
In addition, it is more noteworthy that the impact of heat stress on the mother calf of dry cows is more profound. Through an exhaustive data analysis, Dahl's team found that cows exposed to heat stress in late pregnancy gave birth to fetuses compared to fetuses born to cows with cooling measures:
01
Birth was 4 to 6 days earlier, birth weight was low (38.3 vs. 43.1kg), weaning weight was low, and daily gain was low (Figure 4).
02 Lower body height at weaning (Figure 5).
03 The efficiency of passive transfer immunity of colostrum is low, which is caused by the accelerated closure of the intestinal tract after delivery, but has nothing to do with the quality of colostrum. The researchers compared the colostrum of the heat-stressed cattle and the non-heat-stressed cattle to the two groups of calves, and no difference was found. When the fetuses of the heat-stressed cattle and the fetuses of the cattle with cooling measures were fed the same quality of colostrum, the efficiency of colostrum IgG absorption was different (26.0 vs. 30.2%).
04 In the first year after birth, the weight has been low (Figure 7). At the age of 12 months, the weight and body height are not as good as that of the fetus born by the cooling cow, and in the early breeding, the pregnancy rate of breeding is low, and more frozen semen is required.
05 the survival rate was significantly lower, especially before puberty.
06 Although there were no significant differences in genetics, nutrition, and management, they produced about 5kg less milk per day during the first lactation period (Figure 8).
07 also did not reach the same level of production during the second and third lactation periods.
08 In addition, they pass on the lower milk production performance to their own offspring.
Through these latest studies, it is not difficult to find that the impact of heat stress on dry cows is very far-reaching. Whether the cooling of dry cows is in place or not may affect the future of the pasture. Dahl also pointed out that although reducing heat stress is important for cows of all ages (stages), the longest and far-reaching profit may be to relieve heat stress for dry cows first.
References
1. Heat Stress Affects Heifers Even Before Birth, Maureen Hanson, Dairy Herd Management, 2019.
2. In utero heat stress decreases calf survival and performance through the first lactation, A. P. A. Monteiro, S. Tao, I. M. T. Thompson, and G. E. Dahl. 2016, JDS
3. In utero exposure to heat stress during late gestation has prolonged effects on the activity patterns and growth of dairy calves. J. Laporta, T. F. Fabris, A. L. Skibiel, J. L. Powell, M. J. Hayen, K. Horvath, E. K. Miller-Cushon, and G. E. Dahl. 2016, JDS.
4. Effects of late-gestation heat stress on immunity and performance of calves, G. E. Dahl, S. Tao, and A. P. A. Monteiro. 2016, JDS
5. Effect of heat stress during late gestation on immune function and growth performance of calves: Isolation of altered colostral and calf factors. A. P. A. Monteiro , S. Tao , I. M. Thompson , and G. E. Dahl.
6. Effect of heat stress during early, late, and entire dry period on dairy cattle. Thiago F. Fabris, Jimena Laporta, Amy L. Skibiel, Fabiana N. Corra, Bethany D. Senn, Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, and Geoffrey E. Dahl. 2019. JDS
Translated from Cargill Ruminant Nutrition
* Now lackingMineralsandtrace elementMore and more livestock. It seems to be due to the increase in the intensity of grassland utilization, the proportion of forage in feeding is increasing, and the production intensity is increasing.
* Many pasture roots are now shallow and cannot absorb nutrients from the soil very well.
* The application of fertilizer promotes the growth of succulent forage, but the content of trace elements is very low.
* The forage feed produced from this grass or forage crop naturally contains less minerals and vitamins.
* Some compound feeds contain a certain amount of minerals and trace elements, but less and less compound feeds are used, which means that these nutrients must be supplemented in another form.
There are also seasonal differences in demand for certain bulk elements.
During the growing period of succulent forage (usually spring and autumn), lactating livestock need to ingest magnesium to prevent forage spasms. During this period, the livestock cannot take in enough magnesium from the feed to replace the loss in milk production. Therefore. It needs to be supplemented to some extent.
Phosphorus is closely related to reproductive behavior. Most feed contains less phosphorus. For livestock used for reproduction, inadequate phosphorus supplementation can lead to low conception rates, high re-mating rates, and an overall impact on reproduction.
In addition, experiments and research investigations have shown that the sodium content of some pastures is very low, and even the minimum requirements for sodium for cattle and sheep cannot be met. The problem is exacerbated in the summer, when animals sweat and lose a lot of water and salt in hot weather. It is very important to compensate for these losses, otherwise it will lead to reduced milk production, stunting and poor reproductive performance.
Lodge products provide minerals and trace elements in a simple and economical way. Lodge Lick Brick is made with the purest salt and is an effective carrier of minerals and trace elements. Salt is self-regulating, which means that livestock are not overfed like sweet licking bricks, but simply fed on demand. However, the Lodge also adds a feed sweetener, so even if some of these elements are not very palatable, such as magnesium, it still ensures a sufficient amount of lick. Feed sweeteners are flavoring agents that increase sweetness and flavor and are only released during licking. The addition of feed sweeteners not only solves the problem of low livestock licking, but also ensures that the Lodge licking bricks are economical, non-wasteful and convenient.
1: Solve the problem of maternal reproduction (for example, long interbirth time, repeated mating infertility, frequent abortion)
2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production.
3: Extend the life of the mother; (an 8,000-litre cow loses 60kg of minerals in its milk)
4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows (e. g. mastitis, hoof disease).
5: Cow pica disappears (gnawing wood, licking hair, licking urine, gnawing plastic) and the fur is smooth.
6: to promote food digestion, improve feed utilization, saving concentrate.
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