16 key points to easily manage high-yielding dairy cows from peripartum to postpartum monitoring


Release time:

2020-08-12

Lodge Lick Brick is imported products. Lodge licking brick production process has reached the international leading level. It has been sold in more than 70 countries around the world. Phosphorus-rich Rocky licking bricks, also known as "pregnancy-promoting Rocky", are specially designed and produced for breeding livestock, especially in the high-yield period of dairy cows, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt, iodine, manganese, selenium, The interaction of mineral trace elements such as sodium plays a very important role in improving the health index, reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows, and will affect the final profit and return. phosphorus rich rocky lick brick significant efficacy: 1: Solve the problem of maternal reproduction (for example, long interbirth time, repeated mating infertility, frequent abortion) 2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production. 3: Extend the life of the mother; (an 8,000-litre cow loses 60kg of minerals in its milk) 4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows (e. g. mastitis, hoof disease). 5: Cow pica disappears (gnawing wood, licking hair, licking urine, gnawing plastic) and the fur is smooth.

The perinatal management of high-yielding cows is actually the management of new-yielding cows. The management in this area is divided into three parts: one is the feeding management in the early perinatal period, the other is normal delivery and midwifery, and the third is the feeding management and monitoring of postpartum cattle. We break the work into pieces in real work. The smaller the pieces, the easier it is for us to manage and the better results we can achieve. The so-called details are easy for us to control.

16 key points for easy management of high-yield dairy cows perinatal to postpartum monitoring

 

Feeding management in the early perinatal period

In the early stage, that is, before the cow calves, we say that the cow is a money jar, while the lactation period after calving is to "take money" from it ". How to take out the "money" in the "money jar" intact, and at the same time to take out the "money" smoothly, quickly and to the maximum extent, this problem has been a key thing in the cattle industry so far.

The early perinatal period is the most complicated stage in dairy cow production. It is really difficult to raise cattle at this stage, and it is also the link with the most problems in the cattle industry. Therefore, it is necessary to detail the management. In the early perinatal period, we can't give up every cow, manage every cow, do everything well, and grasp every detail in order to maximize profits. Because our herd is a group, the group is composed of individuals, we do each individual well, in order to reflect our group, in order to reflect our profit maximization. Therefore, the management of the pre-perinatal period, including delivery, milking and every detail of the whole cycle, should not be abandoned. This is the link related to the "money" taken by the whole cow.

Prenatal 15-21 days of feeding management
 

The feeding strategy of 15-21 days before birth is mainly to transition to feeding during postpartum lactation, that is, the diet of dairy cows should be close to that during lactation. This will avoid the sudden change of diet after delivery, which will cause the feeding stress of postpartum cows, and lead to the phenomenon of no food and over food after delivery.

Prenatal dry matter intake (DMI) was directly proportional to postnatal DMI. This one places special emphasis on the problems we pay attention to in nutrition allocation. Prenatal 15-21 days of feeding is very important, as long as we manage well, we can reduce the afterbirth, true stomach, ketosis, and other postpartum diseases.

Protein and energy in TMR
 

Dairy cows are low-concentration diets during the dry milk period, mainly roughage, so during this transition period we must increase the concentration, especially protein and energy. We mentioned about 14% ~ 15% of protein, the energy is generally 1.55~1.60mcal/kg, and the refined material is controlled at about 5kg.

The ratio of crude protein in TMR during the dry milk period is closely related to the incidence of postpartum bovine placenta retention. At this time, the protein feed and energy feed must be adjusted to a certain level, not too low. Some experimental results have shown that if the proportion of crude protein is controlled at 8% during the dry milk period, the afterbirth rate can reach 50%. However, if the crude protein is increased to 15%, the afterbirth rate can be controlled below 15%. Therefore, protein is very important during this period and must not be ignored.

Requirements for length of forage grass granules

Another important problem in the early perinatal period is to control the length of roughage, that is, the length of forage grass, because forage grass is generally more than 10cm during dry milk, and when entering the early perinatal period, the grass should be cut short appropriately. We will control the length of TMR diet in 8 ~ 250px, so that TMR diet can gradually transition to the lactation stage.

The benefits of prenatal long fiber feed feeding are many. One is to control the true stomach displacement of some postpartum cows. In addition, this is a transitional period, which can improve the adaptability of dairy cows to postpartum diet. The more important point is that after the cow's adaptability is strong during this period, the weightlessness of the cow will be reduced. If cows lose weight too fast and TMR is too broken, digestive tract diseases may occur. If the cows do not do well in the late perinatal period, the milk production will not go up if the cows lose weight too fast, and the peak lactation will inevitably be affected. So prenatal feeding long fiber feed can improve the peak lactation.

controlled cation salt feeding

Reducing or controlling the feeding amount of cationic salt, such as salt, soda and alfalfa, can reduce and reduce the incidence of milk fever and the occurrence of breast edema, and ensure the health of the breast. When a cow's breast is too edematous, it may cause blood vessel rupture during the compression process of rising and lying, so we generally use low calcium before delivery and high calcium after delivery.

Feeding of premix in the early perinatal period
 

Pre-perinatal feeding premix can supplement selenium and VE and trace elements. Many pastures do not have a good understanding of feed nutrition during the dry milk period, especially in the early perinatal period, so this problem is ignored. In fact, trace elements, especially selenium and vitamin E, can play a very good role in controlling the incidence of fetal retention in dairy cows. At the same time, we have added some othertrace elementTo reduce the incidence of postpartum paralysis, in addition, feeding premix can also reduce the incidence of milk fever. Therefore, we must strengthen the awareness of premix in the dairy industry, whether it is from prenatal or postpartum, including during lactation, the understanding of premix must be in place, otherwise there will be more problems after delivery.

 
Red Rocky,Phosphorus-rich Rocky,Progestational Rocky
 

Rocky.Lick brickIs the original imported products.Rocky Lick BrickThe production process has reached the international leading level. It has been sold in more than 70 countries around the world.

 

Phosphorus-rich Rocky licking bricks, also known as "pregnancy-promoting Rocky", are specially designed and produced for breeding livestock, especially in the high-yield period of dairy cows, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt, iodine, manganese, selenium, The interaction of mineral trace elements such as sodium plays a very important role in improving the health index, reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows, and will affect the final profit and return.

phosphorus rich rocky lick brick significant efficacy:

1: Solve the problem of maternal reproduction (for example, long interbirth time, repeated mating infertility, frequent abortion)

2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production.

3: Extend the life of the mother; (an 8,000-litre cow loses 60kg of minerals in its milk)

4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows (e. g. mastitis, hoof disease).

5: The CowPicaDisappearing (gnawing wood, licking hair, licking urine, gnawing plastic), the fur is smooth.

Colostrum collection and testing
 

The collection of colostrum is indeed important, and colostrum is very important for the management of newly born cattle and calves. The survival rate of calves is completely determined by colostrum. Therefore, the quality of colostrum of postpartum cows also determines the survival rate of calves. If the quality of colostrum is not good, then calves may not be able to get immunity after eating colostrum, which is easy to get sick and has a high mortality rate. We must collect and manage colostrum to lay a solid foundation for the survival rate of calves.

We collect and reserve the high-quality colostrum of the produced cattle in time, and mark the number of the produced cattle, parity and colostrum extrusion time, so that the next produced colostrum, unqualified colostrum and mother calves of the first born cattle can be used without colostrum.

Health Monitoring

Body temperature and urine ketone must be measured daily, appetite, spirit, milk production and breast condition must be observed, ruminal peristalsis sound monitored.

Postpartum cattle herd

A separate group of postpartum cattle, a group of first-born cattle and a group of post-natal cattle, which are reared for 30 days. This can ensure that the diet concentration and roughage length of postpartum cattle are uniform and consistent. It is more conducive to the unified monitoring and management of newly produced cattle after delivery. It is conducive to timely treatment and disinfection of lochia excreta and sports ground of postpartum cattle. The group in the group is appropriately reduced, feeding is convenient and weightlessness is reduced. With less stress, postpartum cattle can have a full rest, appetite and body condition is easy to recover and improve.

Post-natal herding of cattle is convenient for cattle farm management. Now we have a veterinarian with the strongest sense of responsibility to do this work. Because this part of the work is more meticulous, the body temperature should be measured every day, some cows have poor appetite, urine ketone should be measured, breasts should be observed, and all aspects of work should be done. Once the sense of responsibility is not strong, negligence of a detail may lead to problems.

In the process of making diet, we must pay attention to its concentration and the length of roughage. When lactation starts after delivery, it is necessary to raise the protein energy concentration and prevent cows from using the energy stored in the body. Once a cow uses the energy stored in the body, it will produce a negative energy balance, and more importantly, it will produce a very unfavorable factor for reproduction.

No matter before, after and during lactation, there must be an environment. In the past, our understanding of the environment did not reach a certain level. Up to now, we say that raising cattle is actually raising the environment, and the environment is very important.

Postpartum bovine birth canal and uterine recovery
 

Postpartum bovine birth and uterine recovery management are equally important, and it relates to the achievement of goals for the next lactation period. For postpartum bovine birth canal damage (mild, moderate, heavy) and afterbirth, the use of fish fat rub, once a day, and intramuscular injection of antibiotics. The injection of antibiotics is to prevent the decay of the placenta and bacteria causing endometritis, to avoid intrauterine processing.

The application of ichthyol is conducive to the timely healing of strained and torn wounds, and is conducive to preventing the corruption of the placenta that does not fall off in the birth canal, and moisturizing the fissure when the vulva is swollen, thus promoting the healing of birth injuries and the recovery of the birth canal.

Treatment of uterine lochia

The need for treatment is generally determined after 12 days in the absence of elevated body temperature. Cows in need of treatment are generally injected with oxytocin and chlorhexidine intrauterine injection, once every three days, three times in a row, and severely treated with oxytetracycline once a day (avoid antibiotic milk).

Newly produced cattle stage is a running aid during lactation
 

With the recovery of body condition and physiological performance, the milk yield gradually increased, and the vitamins and trace elements stored in the body are far from meeting its lactation supply, which needs to be supplemented in time, otherwise it will affect the health of dairy cows, milk yield and reproductive performance.

During this period, the digestive function of newly-produced cattle should be ensured. The length of roughage should be controlled at about 8cm and the amount should be about 5kg. The effect is the transition from postpartum cattle to lactating cattle. The rumen environment also has an adaptation to high-concentration diet and reduces the stress of digestive function. Increase the dietary concentration, balance the protein ratio, and prevent postpartum cattle from consuming body fat too quickly (I .e. losing weight too quickly), increase the burden on the liver and produce syndromes, such as four stomach changes, ketosis, decreased milk production; at the same time to improve the understanding of the role of vitamins and trace elements in the diet. Do the above points, will be able to create a healthy, high-yield lactation period.

Cows from the pre-perinatal period to the post-natal monitoring, and then to the lactation period, summed up in three sentences: pay attention to the management of cows before delivery, pay attention to the feeding of cows after delivery, and post-natal monitoring is essential. Postpartum monitoring is the key point of our future parity production. Doing this well will lay a solid foundation for lactation of this parity and the next parity. We want to achieve lasting high yield, not today's high yield, nor this year's high yield, so postpartum monitoring is essential.

The pasture generally takes propylene glycol orally for 3-5 days before delivery, once a day, 250~300ml each time, which can effectively reduce the incidence of postpartum ketosis. Because there are more fattened cattle in our pasture, especially in high-yield groups, during the dry milk period, that is to say, there are more cattle with body condition above 4.0, so we will supplement propylene glycol to prevent in advance.

Antenatal management of cows in labor-nipple medicated bath
 

Nipple medicine bath is carried out once a day for one week to 10 days before delivery, because there are very few cows, especially those with loose breasts, and some cows begin to flow milk before delivery. The use of closed nipple holes to prevent bacteria from invading breasts and causing mastitis is also an excellent means to ensure high-quality colostrum.

Management of labor cattle production circle
 

Principle: To create a clean, hygienic, dry and comfortable environment for the cattle in labor. Because cows live in groups, the arrangement of group parturition is to reduce lone cattle fighting, reduce stress and promote their smooth calving.

The production environment is very important. Generally, 10~15 cows have a production circle, and each cow has a 30 square meter activity field. Cows lying down for 15 days before delivery for more than 14 hours a day are beneficial to the health of cows, and cows can ruminate and rest in place. In winter, bedding grass and bedding grass ensure a certain thickness to prevent feces from getting wet quickly. In addition, cows with thickness are comfortable lying down and are padded with fine sand in summer. Keep warm in winter and cool in summer; clean up the excrement and dirt in time every day. Specially treat the afterbirth, soak it in disinfectant water and bury it deeply. Disinfect the livestock in the production zone once a day.

The finer the work of the production circle, the better, because it involves a collective production circle. So there may be a difference in the germs of each cow belt. Do not cause group disease because a cow gets sick, so we must pay attention to its disinfection environment management during this period.

Calving and delivery
 

In the work of receiving labor, we have summed up one sentence so far: experience is a guarantee for the health of mother and child. This work feels very simple to do. Let the cows give birth by themselves. After giving birth, we should deal with it according to some of the treatment methods we usually set, but it is really difficult in the process of practice. In the delivery room, to reduce human interference and alarm and frequent inspection of cattle, as far as possible to make the cow natural childbirth. If you check frequently, it is easy to bring bacteria into the birth canal and cause endometritis after delivery. Therefore, we must pay attention not to be too nervous, and train more experienced and responsible midwives. In addition, the amniotic fluid broke for 1~2 hours without seeing the fetus, and the birth canal was examined. Disinfect the vulva and hindquarters, and slowly and vigorously during midwifery to form conditioned reflex stimulation to the birth canal. Never pull or jerk.

In the past, we said that half an hour to an hour after the amniotic fluid broke, we began to feel that dystocia should be midwifery, while in foreign countries it was 2-4 hours, and it took longer for a single cow to be released. Now we come back from the beginning to seriously analyze this problem. As long as we do a good job of nutritional balance, the environment of the production circle is also relatively good, the body condition of the cattle is no problem, and the spirit is no problem. We can let go of this time appropriately. Especially when we are pursuing high yield, the phenomenon of over-fattening of dairy cows is widespread. Because the over-fattening of dairy cows itself involves changes in hormones, it causes its oxytocin secretion to decrease and also affects its production. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to vary from cow to cow, and to flexibly grasp the situation of each cow through environmental nutritional status.

Feeding management and monitoring of postpartum cattle
 

The feeding and management of postpartum cattle is more important, it is the guarantee of the key benefits of milk production, so it is the top priority of the whole lactation period to do a good job in this stage.

The first step is to trim the oxtail hair and breast coat before we leave for the delivery room.

The second step is the most critical thing, namely, postpartum health monitoring and reasonable grouping.

The third step is the birth and uterine recovery.

Supplemental nutrition and moisture

Postpartum cattle first job is to add water, propylene glycol, calcium. Postpartum cows lose a lot of water due to calving, including the loss of water from the fetus, amniotic fluid and afterbirth, so the first is to supplement its water and nutrition. The recharge water is about 7% of body weight, and due consideration should be given to the season and length of labor.

 

 

The perinatal management of high-yielding cows is actually the management of new-yielding cows. The management in this area is divided into three parts: one is the feeding management in the early perinatal period, the other is normal delivery and midwifery, and the third is the feeding management and monitoring of postpartum cattle. We break the work into pieces in real work. The smaller the pieces, the easier it is for us to manage and the better results we can achieve. The so-called details are easy for us to control.

16 key points for easy management of high-yield dairy cows perinatal to postpartum monitoring

Feeding management in the early perinatal period
 

In the early stage, that is, before the cow calves, we say that the cow is a money jar, while the lactation period after calving is to "take money" from it ". How to take out the "money" in the "money jar" intact, and at the same time to take out the "money" smoothly, quickly and to the maximum extent, this problem has been a key thing in the cattle industry so far.

The early perinatal period is the most complicated stage in dairy cow production. It is really difficult to raise cattle at this stage, and it is also the link with the most problems in the cattle industry. Therefore, it is necessary to detail the management. In the early perinatal period, we can't give up every cow, manage every cow, do everything well, and grasp every detail in order to maximize profits. Because our herd is a group, the group is composed of individuals, we do each individual well, in order to reflect our group, in order to reflect our profit maximization. Therefore, the management of the pre-perinatal period, including delivery, milking and every detail of the whole cycle, should not be abandoned. This is the link related to the "money" taken by the whole cow.

 

Prenatal 15-21 days of feeding management
 

The feeding strategy of 15-21 days before birth is mainly to transition to feeding during postpartum lactation, that is, the diet of dairy cows should be close to that during lactation. This will avoid the sudden change of diet after delivery, which will cause the feeding stress of postpartum cows, and lead to the phenomenon of no food and over food after delivery.

Prenatal dry matter intake (DMI) was directly proportional to postnatal DMI. This one places special emphasis on the problems we pay attention to in nutrition allocation. Prenatal 15-21 days of feeding is very important, as long as we manage well, we can reduce the afterbirth, true stomach, ketosis, and other postpartum diseases.

Protein and energy in TMR
 

Dairy cows are low-concentration diets during the dry milk period, mainly roughage, so during this transition period we must increase the concentration, especially protein and energy. We mentioned about 14% ~ 15% of protein, the energy is generally 1.55~1.60mcal/kg, and the refined material is controlled at about 5kg.

The ratio of crude protein in TMR during the dry milk period is closely related to the incidence of postpartum bovine placenta retention. At this time, the protein feed and energy feed must be adjusted to a certain level, not too low. Some experimental results have shown that if the proportion of crude protein is controlled at 8% during the dry milk period, the afterbirth rate can reach 50%. However, if the crude protein is increased to 15%, the afterbirth rate can be controlled below 15%. Therefore, protein is very important during this period and must not be ignored.

Requirements for length of forage grass granules

Another important problem in the early perinatal period is to control the length of roughage, that is, the length of forage grass, because forage grass is generally more than 10cm during dry milk, and when entering the early perinatal period, the grass should be cut short appropriately. We will control the length of TMR diet in 8 ~ 250px, so that TMR diet can gradually transition to the lactation stage.

The benefits of prenatal long fiber feed feeding are many. One is to control the true stomach displacement of some postpartum cows. In addition, this is a transitional period, which can improve the adaptability of dairy cows to postpartum diet. The more important point is that after the cow's adaptability is strong during this period, the weightlessness of the cow will be reduced. If cows lose weight too fast and TMR is too broken, digestive tract diseases may occur. If the cows do not do well in the late perinatal period, the milk production will not go up if the cows lose weight too fast, and the peak lactation will inevitably be affected. So prenatal feeding long fiber feed can improve the peak lactation.

controlled cation salt feeding

Reducing or controlling the feeding amount of cationic salt, such as salt, soda and alfalfa, can reduce and reduce the incidence of milk fever and the occurrence of breast edema, and ensure the health of the breast. When a cow's breast is too edematous, it may cause blood vessel rupture during the compression process of rising and lying, so we generally use low calcium before delivery and high calcium after delivery.

Feeding of premix in the early perinatal period
 

Pre-perinatal feeding premix can supplement selenium and VE and trace elements. Many pastures do not have a good understanding of feed nutrition during the dry milk period, especially in the early perinatal period, so this problem is ignored. In fact, trace elements, especially selenium and vitamin E, can play a very good role in controlling the incidence of fetal retention in dairy cows. At the same time, we have added some othertrace elementTo reduce the incidence of postpartum paralysis, in addition, feeding premix can also reduce the incidence of milk fever. Therefore, we must strengthen the awareness of premix in the dairy industry, whether it is from prenatal or postpartum, including during lactation, the understanding of premix must be in place, otherwise there will be more problems after delivery.

Red Lodge, Phosphorus-rich Lodge, Pregnancy-promoting Lodge
 

Lodge Lick Brick is imported products. Lodge licking brick production process has reached the international leading level. It has been sold in more than 70 countries around the world.

Phosphorus-rich Rocky licking bricks, also known as "pregnancy-promoting Rocky", are specially designed and produced for breeding livestock, especially in the high-yield period of dairy cows, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt, iodine, manganese, selenium, The interaction of mineral trace elements such as sodium plays a very important role in improving the health index, reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows, and will affect the final profit and return.

phosphorus rich rocky lick brick significant efficacy:

1: Solve the problem of maternal reproduction (for example, long interbirth time, repeated mating infertility, frequent abortion)

2: extend the peak period of lactation; improve milk production.

3: Extend the life of the mother; (an 8,000-litre cow loses 60kg of minerals in its milk)

4: Improve the comprehensive health index of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of dairy cows (e. g. mastitis, hoof disease).

5: Cow pica disappears (gnawing wood, licking hair, licking urine, gnawing plastic) and the fur is smooth.

Colostrum collection and testing
 

The collection of colostrum is indeed important, and colostrum is very important for the management of newly born cattle and calves. The survival rate of calves is completely determined by colostrum. Therefore, the quality of colostrum of postpartum cows also determines the survival rate of calves. If the quality of colostrum is not good, then calves may not be able to get immunity after eating colostrum, which is easy to get sick and has a high mortality rate. We must collect and manage colostrum to lay a solid foundation for the survival rate of calves.

We collect and reserve the high-quality colostrum of the produced cattle in time, and mark the number of the produced cattle, parity and colostrum extrusion time, so that the next produced colostrum, unqualified colostrum and mother calves of the first born cattle can be used without colostrum.

Health Monitoring

Body temperature and urine ketone must be measured daily, appetite, spirit, milk production and breast condition must be observed, ruminal peristalsis sound monitored.

Postpartum cattle herd

A separate group of postpartum cattle, a group of first-born cattle and a group of post-natal cattle, which are reared for 30 days. This can ensure that the diet concentration and roughage length of postpartum cattle are uniform and consistent. It is more conducive to the unified monitoring and management of newly produced cattle after delivery. It is conducive to timely treatment and disinfection of lochia excreta and sports ground of postpartum cattle. The group in the group is appropriately reduced, feeding is convenient and weightlessness is reduced. With less stress, postpartum cattle can have a full rest, appetite and body condition is easy to recover and improve.

Post-natal herding of cattle is convenient for cattle farm management. Now we have a veterinarian with the strongest sense of responsibility to do this work. Because this part of the work is more meticulous, the body temperature should be measured every day, some cows have poor appetite, urine ketone should be measured, breasts should be observed, and all aspects of work should be done. Once the sense of responsibility is not strong, negligence of a detail may lead to problems.

In the process of making diet, we must pay attention to its concentration and the length of roughage. When lactation starts after delivery, it is necessary to raise the protein energy concentration and prevent cows from using the energy stored in the body. Once a cow uses the energy stored in the body, it will produce a negative energy balance, and more importantly, it will produce a very unfavorable factor for reproduction.

No matter before, after and during lactation, there must be an environment. In the past, our understanding of the environment did not reach a certain level. Up to now, we say that raising cattle is actually raising the environment, and the environment is very important.

Postpartum bovine birth canal and uterine recovery
 

Postpartum bovine birth and uterine recovery management are equally important, and it relates to the achievement of goals for the next lactation period. For postpartum bovine birth canal damage (mild, moderate, heavy) and afterbirth, the use of fish fat rub, once a day, and intramuscular injection of antibiotics. The injection of antibiotics is to prevent the decay of the placenta and bacteria causing endometritis, to avoid intrauterine processing.

The application of ichthyol is conducive to the timely healing of strained and torn wounds, and is conducive to preventing the corruption of the placenta that does not fall off in the birth canal, and moisturizing the fissure when the vulva is swollen, thus promoting the healing of birth injuries and the recovery of the birth canal.

Treatment of uterine lochia

The need for treatment is generally determined after 12 days in the absence of elevated body temperature. Cows in need of treatment are generally injected with oxytocin and chlorhexidine intrauterine injection, once every three days, three times in a row, and severely treated with oxytetracycline once a day (avoid antibiotic milk).

Newly produced cattle stage is a running aid during lactation
 

With the recovery of body condition and physiological performance, the milk yield gradually increased, and the vitamins and trace elements stored in the body are far from meeting its lactation supply, which needs to be supplemented in time, otherwise it will affect the health of dairy cows, milk yield and reproductive performance.

During this period, the digestive function of newly-produced cattle should be ensured. The length of roughage should be controlled at about 8cm and the amount should be about 5kg. The effect is the transition from postpartum cattle to lactating cattle. The rumen environment also has an adaptation to high-concentration diet and reduces the stress of digestive function. Increase the dietary concentration, balance the protein ratio, and prevent postpartum cattle from consuming body fat too quickly (I .e. losing weight too quickly), increase the burden on the liver and produce syndromes, such as four stomach changes, ketosis, decreased milk production; at the same time to improve the understanding of the role of vitamins and trace elements in the diet. Do the above points, will be able to create a healthy, high-yield lactation period.

Cows from the pre-perinatal period to the post-natal monitoring, and then to the lactation period, summed up in three sentences: pay attention to the management of cows before delivery, pay attention to the feeding of cows after delivery, and post-natal monitoring is essential. Postpartum monitoring is the key point of our future parity production. Doing this well will lay a solid foundation for lactation of this parity and the next parity. We want to achieve lasting high yield, not today's high yield, nor this year's high yield, so postpartum monitoring is essential.

The pasture generally takes propylene glycol orally for 3-5 days before delivery, once a day, 250~300ml each time, which can effectively reduce the incidence of postpartum ketosis. Because there are more fattened cattle in our pasture, especially in high-yield groups, during the dry milk period, that is to say, there are more cattle with body condition above 4.0, so we will supplement propylene glycol to prevent in advance.

Antenatal management of cows in labor-nipple medicated bath
 

Nipple medicine bath is carried out once a day for one week to 10 days before delivery, because there are very few cows, especially those with loose breasts, and some cows begin to flow milk before delivery. The use of closed nipple holes to prevent bacteria from invading breasts and causing mastitis is also an excellent means to ensure high-quality colostrum.

Management of labor cattle production circle
 

Principle: To create a clean, hygienic, dry and comfortable environment for the cattle in labor. Because cows live in groups, the arrangement of group parturition is to reduce lone cattle fighting, reduce stress and promote their smooth calving.

The production environment is very important. Generally, 10~15 cows have a production circle, and each cow has a 30 square meter activity field. Cows lying down for 15 days before delivery for more than 14 hours a day are beneficial to the health of cows, and cows can ruminate and rest in place. In winter, bedding grass and bedding grass ensure a certain thickness to prevent feces from getting wet quickly. In addition, cows with thickness are comfortable lying down and are padded with fine sand in summer. Keep warm in winter and cool in summer; clean up the excrement and dirt in time every day. Specially treat the afterbirth, soak it in disinfectant water and bury it deeply. Disinfect the livestock in the production zone once a day.

The finer the work of the production circle, the better, because it involves a collective production circle. So there may be a difference in the germs of each cow belt. Do not cause group disease because a cow gets sick, so we must pay attention to its disinfection environment management during this period.

Calving and delivery
 

In the work of receiving labor, we have summed up one sentence so far: experience is a guarantee for the health of mother and child. This work feels very simple to do. Let the cows give birth by themselves. After giving birth, we should deal with it according to some of the treatment methods we usually set, but it is really difficult in the process of practice. In the delivery room, to reduce human interference and alarm and frequent inspection of cattle, as far as possible to make the cow natural childbirth. If you check frequently, it is easy to bring bacteria into the birth canal and cause endometritis after delivery. Therefore, we must pay attention not to be too nervous, and train more experienced and responsible midwives. In addition, the amniotic fluid broke for 1~2 hours without seeing the fetus, and the birth canal was examined. Disinfect the vulva and hindquarters, and slowly and vigorously during midwifery to form conditioned reflex stimulation to the birth canal. Never pull or jerk.

In the past, we said that half an hour to an hour after the amniotic fluid broke, we began to feel that dystocia should be midwifery, while in foreign countries it was 2-4 hours, and it took longer for a single cow to be released. Now we come back from the beginning to seriously analyze this problem. As long as we do a good job of nutritional balance, the environment of the production circle is also relatively good, the body condition of the cattle is no problem, and the spirit is no problem. We can let go of this time appropriately. Especially when we are pursuing high yield, the phenomenon of over-fattening of dairy cows is widespread. Because the over-fattening of dairy cows itself involves changes in hormones, it causes its oxytocin secretion to decrease and also affects its production. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to vary from cow to cow, and to flexibly grasp the situation of each cow through environmental nutritional status.

Feeding management and monitoring of postpartum cattle
 

The feeding and management of postpartum cattle is more important, it is the guarantee of the key benefits of milk production, so it is the top priority of the whole lactation period to do a good job in this stage.

The first step is to trim the oxtail hair and breast coat before we leave for the delivery room.

The second step is the most critical thing, namely, postpartum health monitoring and reasonable grouping.

The third step is the birth and uterine recovery.

Supplemental nutrition and moisture

Postpartum cattle first job is to add water, propylene glycol, calcium. Postpartum cows lose a lot of water due to calving, including the loss of water from the fetus, amniotic fluid and afterbirth, so the first is to supplement its water and nutrition. The recharge water is about 7% of body weight, and due consideration should be given to the season and length of labor.