1

The site is the prospect

Dairy cattle breeding site is a powerful guarantee to determine the future development scale of dairy farms and whether the work can be carried out smoothly. Large-scale dairy farms should be built far away from the village, and the production area should be close to the road.1000 More than meters, there are enough silage, hay and other coarse fodder around, and dairy processing enterprises within 100 or 1,000 meters.

2

Variety is the premise

The breed and source of dairy cows are the basis and prerequisite for the future work of dairy farms. Good breeds of cows have good heritability and can exert excellent production performance under good feeding management conditions. The world's recognized high-yielding breed of dairy cow is now the Holstein cow. The same Holstein cows, the offspring from different cows, body appearance, production performance, etc. are also very different. Therefore, whether you buy cattle or choose to keep your own cows, you should pay attention to check the pedigree and pedigree. To choose parental and ancestral milk production performance, good body appearance, breeding ability, long use of cattle. Those without pedigree and unclear pedigree should be carefully identified from their appearance characteristics and production performance.

2

Theoryis the core

The most direct and fundamental factor affecting the benefits of dairy farms is the conception rate of dairy cows. The main effects of low conception rate on the economic income of dairy farms: The extension of the empty pregnancy period of dairy cows and the increase of corresponding expenses such as feeding and management: the extension of the distance between cows and cows reduces the milk yield and calving number of dairy cows; the increase of reproductive diseases increases the elimination rate of dairy cows and the increase of the elimination rate of adult cows, which will lead to the reduction of the basic herd and the decline of quality, thus affecting the long-term development of dairy farms. Therefore, maintaining a high conception rate and reasonable fetal spacing is the fundamental requirement for the development of dairy farms.
The reproductive problems of dairy cows are the cumulative effect of multiple factors. The nutrition of the breeding cattle determines the age of the first month. In addition, the technical level of breeders is also critical to the breeding of dairy cows, requiring breeders to breed in a timely manner. According to statistics, every increase1Mating in individual periods can improve efficiency500 More than yuan.

4

Breeding is the direction

The main strategy of dairy cattle breeding is to implement long-term and systematic breeding technology in dairy cattle population, so that the dairy herd can get the overall genetic improvement. The world's dairy scientists have created a system of genetic improvement techniques for dairy cattle populations, namely, the determination of individual production performance of dairy cows, regular registration of improved breeds, determination of the offspring of bulls and the application of reproductive biotechnology.
The development trend of genetic improvement of foreign dairy cows is that the total production is stable and increasing, and the stock continues to decline: the technical system is mature, stable and developing: the government's macro guidance, the operation of industrialization, the group; the introduction of new technologies, improve the efficiency of improvement: the development of basic technology platform; strengthen international cooperation.
Dairy farms in our country should strengthen the selection and breeding work, and the matching bulls should choose the excellent semen with descendants at home and abroad, which is genetically higher than that of cows, the more the better, and the farther the blood relationship, the better. Conditional midday farms can introduce excellent embryos from home and abroad to improve the breeding generation interval of cattle farms.

5

Feedingis the foundation

The more high-yielding cows have higher requirements for feeding standards, and cows at different stages and different production periods should be raised in groups. lactation7 On the basis of feeding full-price, appropriate amount of concentrate, the herd of more than tons needs to be equipped with alkali grass every year.3 tons above, silage6tons, alfalfa1tons, tubers1Tons, bad2 Tons. The above feed can be fully mixed for conditional cattle farms.8Food feeding methods,1The lactation period can increase milk production.300More than kilograms. High-yield lactating cows should pay attention to the amount of concentrate added. The daily amount of concentrate should not exceed15 Kilograms, too high prone to ketosis, acidosis and true gastric dislocation. For dairy cows with high milk production, the feeding amount of high-quality alfalfa, alkali grass and other roughage can be increased, and the daily feeding amount of winter roughage should not exceed7.5Kilograms. It needs to be reduced in summer.

6

Epidemic prevention is a guarantee

The epidemic prevention system of dairy cows includes epidemic prevention institutions and epidemic prevention system. Cows are strictly quarantined and isolated before entering the site, and the isolation should be no less45 Days, after quarantine no objection after the discussion before the group. Dairy farms are regularly quarantined in spring and autumn every year. Regularly vaccinate against diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. Dairy farm breeders should also be regularly quarantined, closed management, entry and exit vehicles should be strictly disinfected.
At the same time do a good job of disinfection. The selection of suitable disinfectants is a key factor in the success or failure of disinfection work. For example, quaternary ammonium salts are cationic surfactants. The principle of its bactericidal action is that the cation is lipophilic and therefore kills Gram-positive bacteria. If you want to kill bacterial spores, you need to choose a more efficient chemical disinfection penalty to achieve a reliable disinfection effect. The proper preparation of disinfectants is related to the effectiveness of disinfection.2The efficacy of a disinfectant is often reduced due to physical or chemical incompatibility, resulting in poor disinfection effect. Therefore, when several disinfection drugs are used alternately or in combination, incompatibility should be taken into account in order to achieve the real purpose and effect of disinfection.

7

Management is the means

The core of dairy cow management is the construction of various work standardization systems. And combined with computer management technology in the dairy farm comprehensive application. It is necessary to improve the yield of dairy cows, ensure the quality of milk, and reduce the cost of feeding, but also pay attention to the protection of the environment.
Enterprise standardization can ensure the highly unified and efficient operation of enterprise production, operation and management activities, and achieve the best order and economic benefits. The object of enterprise standardization is the repetitive things and concepts in the activities of production, technology and management. Develop, publish and organize the implementation of enterprise standardization, and monitor, evaluate and analyze improvements. Enterprise standardization should be carried out under the leadership and organization of enterprise legal persons or authorized managers, and the responsibilities and powers of various departments and positions should be clarified. Computer management has been widely used in large cattle farms, and has been widely used in production management, breeding, feed nutrition, field monitoring and e-commerce.

8

Benefit is the goal

The benefits of dairy farms mainly start from increasing the yield of dairy cows and controlling costs, dairy farms should be gradually expanded according to the site and resources, but should not exceed.2 000Head. When the herd reaches the appropriate size, the structure of the herd should be adjusted in time to account for the adult cows.70%, Reserve noon occupation30%In this way, we can sell both milk and cattle every year.