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The microbes in the rumen of cattle, you know?
Release time:
2019-06-17
The rumen is an important organ for the digestion and utilization of feed nutrients in cattle. There is no digestive gland in the rumen wall and no gastric juice is secreted, but the rumen contains a large number of microorganisms. According to the determination, there are 50 billion to 100 billion bacteria and 200000 to 2 million ciliates per gram of rumen contents. There are a large number of microorganisms in the rumen. Due to the role of microorganisms, the digestion and metabolism of feed nutrients in the rumen has the following characteristics:
The rumen is an important organ for the digestion and utilization of feed nutrients in cattle. rumen wallNo digestive glands, do not secrete gastric juice, but the rumen contains a large number of microorganisms, according to the determination, per gram of rumen contents in500billion~1000billions of bacteria and20million~200Ten thousand ciliates.rumenThere are a large number of microorganisms in the rumen, due to the role of microorganisms, the digestion and metabolism of feed nutrients has the following characteristics:
1、Proteincharacteristics of digestion and utilization
Feed protein in the rumen under the action of microorganisms, about60%Degradation into peptides, free amino acids and ammonia, some of which are used by bacteria to synthesize into bacterial proteins, and the other part is absorbed by the rumen wall and transported to the liver through the blood to synthesize urea. Part of the urea into the human kidney, excreted with urine, another part of the urea is transported to the salivary glands, with the secretion of saliva into the human rumen again, in the rumen and again by microorganisms.
Another40%The feed protein passes through the rumen intact and is transferred to the true stomach and small intestine to be digested and absorbed. This part of protein is called rumen non-degraded protein or rumen bypass protein. microbial protein(Or bacterial protein) with the feed into the human abomasum and small intestine decomposed into amino acids, absorbed and utilized. The amino acid composition of microbial protein is relatively stable, and the biological potency is very high. Therefore, the quality of feed protein can not be considered in the feeding of beef cattle, but the quantity of protein should be met.
Green feed non-protein nitrogen content is very high, can be used by microorganisms to synthesize bacterial protein, so the use of green words feed beef cattle is more cost-effective.
2. Digestion and utilization characteristics of carbohydrates
After the feed enters the rumen, due to the large volume of the rumen and rumination, the feed stays in the rumen for a long time and can carry out sufficient microbial fermentation.55%~95%Carbohydrates are fermented in the rumen to form volatile fatty acids, carbon dioxide and methane.
Most of the volatile fatty acids are absorbed in the stomach wall to become the main source of energy in cattle, and participate in various metabolism, acetic acid can form body fat. There are a large number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of cattle, accounting for about the rumen viable bacteria.1/4,Cellulolytic enzymes secreted by these cellulolytic bacteria can decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, so the digestibility of crude fiber in cattle is relatively high.
3, the use of fat characteristics
The food source of cattle is mainly plant-based feed, which contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Cattle feed a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which are hydrogenated to saturated fatty acids under the comprehensive action of various microorganisms in the rumen, which are absorbed by the posterior digestive tract and transported to the body tissues to form body fat.
4、VitaminsThe use of characteristics
In the young age of cattle, the development of rumen is not complete, and the digestion of food is carried out in the abomasum. Like monogastric livestock, various nutrients must be supplied by feed. When the rumen is fully developed and various microflora in the rumen have been formed, cattle, unlike monogastric livestock, do not completely need to be supplied by feed with various vitamins, which can be partially synthesized in the body, suchBvitamins and vitaminsKCan be synthesized by rumen microorganisms, vitaminsCcan also be synthesized in the body, but vitaminsAVitaminsDVitaminsEcannot be synthesized by rumen microorganisms, must be provided by the diet, and vitaminAVitaminsEIt is heavily degraded in the rumen. Therefore, cattle long-term feeding straw-based roughage should be supplemented with vitaminsA.
5. Utilization characteristics of minerals
The main sources of minerals in the rumen are feed and endogenous saliva. in the rumenMicroorganismsThe inorganic salt element is tens or even hundreds of times higher than that in the feed. The rumen has a strong digestibility for inorganic salts, and the digestibility is30%~50%. The reproduction and growth of rumen microorganisms are affected by dietary composition, feeding methods and other factors, which must be considered in the process of cattle breeding, and the diet and feeding procedures should not be changed suddenly.
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